Common Prefixes (Prefijos Comunes)
Prefixes modify the meaning of the root word. Here are some common ones:
Los prefijos modifican el significado de la palabra raíz. Aquí tienes algunos comunes:
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un- (not, opposite of) (no, opuesto de): happy → unhappy, kind → unkind, tie → untie
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re- (again, back) (otra vez, de nuevo): do → redo, view → review, cycle → recycle
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dis- (not, opposite of) (no, opuesto de): agree → disagree, like → dislike, appear → disappear
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mis- (wrongly, badly) (mal, erróneamente): understand → misunderstand, spell → misspell, lead → mislead
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pre- (before) (antes): view → preview, historic → prehistoric, test → pretest
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im-/in-/il-/ir- (not - variant used before certain letters) (no - variante usada antes de ciertas letras): possible → impossible, correct → incorrect, legal → illegal, regular → irregular
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ex- (former, out of) (anterior/ex, fuera de): president → ex-president, port → export
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non- (not) (no): fiction → non-fiction, stop → non-stop
It is impossible to finish this work today.
Es imposible terminar este trabajo hoy.
Could you please redo the last exercise?
¿Podrías por favor rehacer el último ejercicio?
I completely disagree with his opinion.
Estoy completamente en desacuerdo con su opinión.
Common Suffixes (Sufijos Comunes)
Suffixes are added to the end of words and often change the word class (e.g., verb to noun, noun to adjective).
Los sufijos se añaden al final de las palabras y a menudo cambian la clase de palabra (p.ej., de verbo a sustantivo, de sustantivo a adjetivo).
Noun Suffixes (Sufijos de Sustantivo)
- -ment (action or result): develop → development, agree → agreement
- -ness (state or quality): happy → happiness, kind → kindness
- -ion / -tion / -sion (act or process): act → action, decide → decision, inform → information
- -er / -or / -ist (person who does something): teach → teacher, invent → inventor, art → artist
- -ity / -ty (state or quality): possible → possibility, safe → safety
Adjective Suffixes (Sufijos de Adjetivo)
- -able / -ible (can be done): read → readable, flexible → flexible
- -ful (full of): care → careful, hope → hopeful, beauty → beautiful
- -less (without): care → careless, hope → hopeless, home → homeless
- -al (relating to): nation → national, nature → natural
- -ous (full of, having): danger → dangerous, fame → famous
- -y (characterised by): cloud → cloudy, rain → rainy, noise → noisy
Verb Suffixes (Sufijos de Verbo)
- -ize / -ise (to make or become): modern → modernize, final → finalize
- -ify (to make or become): simple → simplify, pure → purify
- -en (to make or become): wide → widen, short → shorten
Adverb Suffix (Sufijo de Adverbio)
- -ly (in a certain way - forms adverbs from adjectives): slow → slowly, careful → carefully
Effective communication requires careful listening.
La comunicación eficaz requiere una escucha atenta.
The teacher explained the information very clearly.
El profesor explicó la información muy claramente.
We need to simplify the instructions.
Necesitamos simplificar las instrucciones.